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Sankey diagram of International Business Machines Corporation. A complete text table follows the diagram.
Software's recurring economics dominate the profit pool, while Infrastructure's z17 cycle more than doubled segment profit and Consulting remained a scale business with thinner margins
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Segment revenue and profit are directly reported management-view measures. Each segment's operating burden is an exact revenue-minus-segment-profit residual. The four displayed segment profits add to $3,299M while IBM reports a rounded $3,300M total; the flow therefore uses the exact component sum and a $1,912M bridge to reported pretax income. Other revenue is omitted from the segment-profit flow.
Labels and narrative explain the filing. A category marked “arithmetic bridge” or “residual” is calculated from reported totals, rather than a separately reported line.
| Category | Stage | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Software revenue | 1 | $7.1B | 44% of company revenue; up 11.3% |
| Consulting revenue | 1 | $5.3B | Up 4.0% year over year |
| Infrastructure revenue | 1 | $3.3B | Up 15.3% on the z17 cycle |
| Financing revenue | 1 | $220M | Up 14.8% year over year |
| Software segment profit | 2 | $2.1B | 29.8% segment margin |
| Software costs & expenses | 2 | $5.0B | Exact revenue-to-profit residual |
| Consulting segment profit | 2 | $558M | 10.6% segment margin |
| Consulting costs & expenses | 2 | $4.7B | Labor-intensive delivery model |
| Infrastructure segment profit | 2 | $524M | 15.8% margin; profit up 112% |
| Infrastructure costs & expenses | 2 | $2.8B | Systems production, R&D and selling |
| Financing segment profit | 2 | $118M | 53.8% segment margin |
| Financing costs & expenses | 2 | $102M | Funding and operating burden |
| Combined segment profit | 3 | $3.3B | Components; reported total rounds to $3,300M |
| Reported pretax income | 4 | $1.4B | 8.7% of reported revenue |
| Corporate & GAAP reconciliation | 4 | $1.9B | Acquisition, stock and corporate items |
| From | To | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Software revenue | Software segment profit | $2.1B |
| Software revenue | Software costs & expenses | $5.0B |
| Consulting revenue | Consulting segment profit | $558M |
| Consulting revenue | Consulting costs & expenses | $4.7B |
| Infrastructure revenue | Infrastructure segment profit | $524M |
| Infrastructure revenue | Infrastructure costs & expenses | $2.8B |
| Financing revenue | Financing segment profit | $118M |
| Financing revenue | Financing costs & expenses | $102M |
| Software segment profit | Combined segment profit | $2.1B |
| Consulting segment profit | Combined segment profit | $558M |
| Infrastructure segment profit | Combined segment profit | $524M |
| Financing segment profit | Combined segment profit | $118M |
| Combined segment profit | Reported pretax income | $1.4B |
| Combined segment profit | Corporate & GAAP reconciliation | $1.9B |