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Sankey diagram of Ciena Corporation. A complete text table follows the diagram.
Cloud providers are scaling fiber capacity between data centers, pulling optical systems and routing higher while software, automation and services control the network around them.
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All Sankey flows are reported GAAP amounts. Cloud-provider concentration, geographic mix, product growth, gross margins and segment profit observations come directly from filing tables.
Labels and narrative explain the filing. A category marked “arithmetic bridge” or “residual” is calculated from reported totals, rather than a separately reported line.
| Category | Stage | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Optical Networking | 1 | $1.1B | Fiber capacity between network endpoints |
| Routing & Switching | 1 | $174M | Direct traffic through the network |
| Platform software & services | 1 | $93.9M | Operate the networking platform |
| Blue Planet automation | 1 | $23.4M | Automate multi-vendor networks |
| Global Services | 1 | $179M | Support, implement and advise |
| Network-capacity revenue | 2 | $1.6B | 39.5% year-over-year growth |
| Build products & deliver services | 3 | $879M | Reported cost of goods sold |
| Gross profit | 3 | $692M | 44.0% margin; up 380 bps |
| Engineer more network capacity | 4 | $238M | Reported R&D |
| Sell to cloud & service providers | 4 | $150M | Reported selling & marketing |
| Operate the platform | 4 | $61.2M | Reported G&A |
| Restructuring & amortization | 4 | $4.5M | Two reported expense lines |
| Operating income | 4 | $238M | 15.1% operating margin |
| Net interest & other expense | 5 | $6.8M | Reported net non-operating cost |
| Income before tax | 5 | $231M | Reported pretax result |
| Income tax | 6 | $12.8M | Reported provision |
| Net income | 6 | $218M | $1.49 per diluted share |
| From | To | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Optical Networking | Network-capacity revenue | $1.1B |
| Routing & Switching | Network-capacity revenue | $174M |
| Platform software & services | Network-capacity revenue | $93.9M |
| Blue Planet automation | Network-capacity revenue | $23.4M |
| Global Services | Network-capacity revenue | $179M |
| Network-capacity revenue | Build products & deliver services | $879M |
| Network-capacity revenue | Gross profit | $692M |
| Gross profit | Engineer more network capacity | $238M |
| Gross profit | Sell to cloud & service providers | $150M |
| Gross profit | Operate the platform | $61.2M |
| Gross profit | Restructuring & amortization | $4.5M |
| Gross profit | Operating income | $238M |
| Operating income | Net interest & other expense | $6.8M |
| Operating income | Income before tax | $231M |
| Income before tax | Income tax | $12.8M |
| Income before tax | Net income | $218M |